Operative Environmental Temperature of a Mussel Bed

The function estimates body temperature of a mussel (C). The function implements a steady-state model, which assumes unchanging environmental conditions. Based on Helmuth (1999) .

Tbed_mussel(l, T_a, S, k_d, u, evap = FALSE, cl = NA)

Arguments

l: numeric mussel length (anterior/posterior axis) (m).
T_a: numeric air temperature at 4 m above ground (C).
S: numeric direct solar flux density (W m^-2).
k_d: numeric diffuse fraction, proportion of solar radiation that is diffuse.
u: numeric wind speed at 4 m above ground (m s^-1).
evap: logical Are mussels gaping to evaporatively cool? If TRUE, assumes constant mass loss rate of 5 percent of initial body mass per hour.
cl: numeric fraction of the sky covered by cloud, optional.

Value

numeric predicted body (operative environmental) temperature (C).

Details

Conduction is considered negligible due to a small area of contact.

Thermal radiative flux is calculated following Helmuth (1998) , Helmuth (1999) , and Idso and Jackson (1969) .

References

Helmuth B (1999). “Thermal biology of rocky intertidal mussels: quantifying body temperatures using climatological data.” Ecology, 80(1), 15-34. doi:10.2307/176977 .

Helmuth BST (1998). “Intertidal Mussel Microclimates: Predicting the Body Temperature of a Sessile Invertebrate.” Ecological Monographs, 68(1), 51--74. ISSN 00129615, doi:10.2307/2657143 .

Idso SB, Jackson RD (1969). “Thermal radiation from the atmosphere.” Journal of Geophysical Research (1896-1977), 74(23), 5397-5403. doi:10.1029/JC074i023p05397 .

Other biophysical models: Grashof_number_Gates(), Grashof_number(), Nusselt_from_Grashof(), Nusselt_from_Reynolds(), Nusselt_number(), Prandtl_number(), Qconduction_animal(), Qconduction_substrate(), Qconvection(), Qemitted_thermal_radiation(), Qevaporation(), Qmetabolism_from_mass_temp(), Qmetabolism_from_mass(), Qnet_Gates(), Qradiation_absorbed(), Qthermal_radiation_absorbed(), Reynolds_number(), T_sky(), Tb_CampbellNorman(), Tb_Gates2(), Tb_Gates(), Tb_butterfly(), Tb_grasshopper(), Tb_limpetBH(), Tb_limpet(), Tb_lizard_Fei(), Tb_lizard(), Tb_mussel(), Tb_salamander_humid(), Tb_snail(), Tsoil(), actual_vapor_pressure(), boundary_layer_resistance(), external_resistance_to_water_vapor_transfer(), free_or_forced_convection(), heat_transfer_coefficient_approximation(), heat_transfer_coefficient_simple(), heat_transfer_coefficient(), saturation_vapor_pressure(), saturation_water_vapor_pressure()

Examples

 Tbed_mussel(l    = 0.1, 
             T_a  = 25, 
             S    = 500, 
             k_d  = 0.2, 
             u    = 1, 
             evap = FALSE)
#> [1] 38.44283